Monday, November 8, 2010

Physio help


Physio help?
Discuss the role of GLUT4 in glucose metabolism and use this concept to explain why exercise helps to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Biology - 1 Answers
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GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter found in adipose tissues and striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac) that is responsible for insulin-regulated glucose disposal. In the absence of insulin, GLUT4 is sequestered in the interior of muscle and fat cells, within the lipid bilayer of vesicles. Insulin induces the redistribution of GLUT4 from intracellular storage sites to the plasma membrane. Once at the cell surface, GLUT4 facilitates the passive diffusion of circulating glucose down its concentration gradient into muscle and fat cells. Once inside cells, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated by hexokinase to form glucose-6-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate cannot diffuse back out of cells, which also serves to maintain the concentration gradient for glucose to passively enter cells. The problem with diabetes type 2 people are the insulin receptors on the cell membrane are not sensitive enough to receive and hold to the insulin. This hinders the reactions that stimulate GLUT 4 to translocate to the cell membrane, making it difficult if not impossible for the chemical reaction to take place. Lucky for us, insulin is not the only means our body has in translocating GLUT 4. When the body's muscles are used rigorously, it also stimulates the migration of glucose carrier proteins. These proteins are kept in different organelles, but have almost the same structure. They perform the same function as insulin stimulating GLUT4, but are stimulated by calcium. Thus exercise will help in getting glucose into cells and lower the high blood glucose levels due to type 2 diabetes. http://waltonfeed.com/self/health/vit-min/diabetes.html





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Posted by Diabetes Melitus at 8:56 AM