Tuesday, April 28, 2009

Type 1 diabetes mellitus _____

Type 1 diabetes mellitus _____.?
a. is the most common form of the disease; more than 90% of all diabetics have type 1 diabetes b. is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks beta cells in the pancreas c. is a common disorder in overweight individuals older than 40 d. can be controlled for many years with exercise and a proper diet e. is treated by improving insulin receptor efficiency rather than by giving insulin
Biology - 2 Answers
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1 :
Type 1 is an autoimmune disease. The other answers refer to type 2 DM. m
2 :
i think E. is treated by improving insulin receptor efficiency rather than by giving insulin

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Friday, April 24, 2009

A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteri

A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteri?
A 14-year-old boy has been suffering from type I diabetes mellitus for the past 6 years. His vision has deteriorated in the last 2 years. He voids large volumes of urine and was admitted to the hospital with severe pyelonephritis, a kidney infection. Upon admission, the doctor found that he had mild ketoacidosis. Which type of insulin should be administered? Why? Are there any side effects of insulin administration? Besides medication, would diet and exercise affect blood glucose and insulin level in the patient? How? What could be the reasons for kidney infection and deteriorating vision? Why are kidney infections and vision problems common in diabetics? Why does an infection lead to acidosis and what will be the patient's serum bicarbonate level?
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
I'm hoping that this is for your homework and you're not asking about a real person?! If this is a real person then they need to speak to their dr about what to do! Anyway, assuming homework ... Insulin - upon admission the dr might decide to put him on a sliding scale (glucose/insulin drip) to stabilize blood sugar during the infection. After this normal insulin should be reviewed (because it's obiously not great for him) but continued unless his consultant can suggest something better. Side effects - the good thing is that hypos are meant to be avoided on a sliding scale because it's administered with a glucose drip. On usual injections / pump the main side effect is a hypo (low blood glucose) - this is actually an insulin overdose but v difficult to avoid completely. For your subject another side effect could be that if his blood sugars have been really high for a long time then bringing them down too quickly can make him feel hypo even though he's not and can also accelerate eye disease, so the dr would have to be very careful of this. Improving his diet and increasing exercise may help to stabilize his blood sugars but at this point changing diet and exercise would just throw another variable into the mix and make bringing his diabetes under control even more difficult. Type 1 diabetes is not like type 2 diabetes that can really benefit from diet and exercise changes. Diabetes causes damage to the retina at the back of the eye. This can be treated with laser surgery if it's caught early enough but this is a dangerous procedure so many people opt not to have it done. Left unchecked this kind of eye disease can cause blindness. The risk of it is greatly reduced by good blood glucose control. Diabetes can also affect kidney function and cause kidney damage / failure but a likely cause of this kidney infection is due to a much lowered immune system caused by diabetes - this leaves the body open to infection and particularly to thrush and urine infections - a urine infection left untreated can lead to a kidney infection. I don't think that your patient has dka (ketoacidosis) at this point although he may be heading for it. This is caused by an increase in metabolism during an infection which someone with diabetes can't cope with v well because to deal with dka you need extra carbs and extra insulin - your body makes this itself but the body of someone with diabetes doesn't. dka affects blood chemistry including bicarbonate and potassium levels. Hope that helps xx

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Monday, April 20, 2009

Anatomy questions

Anatomy questions????????
The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the a. hepatic vein b. inferior vena cave c. renal artery d. renal vein The glomerular cappillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they a. have a larger area of anastomosis b. are derived from and drain into arterioles c. are not made of endothelium d. are sites of filtrate formation Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it a. does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus b. is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure c.is reabsorbed by the tubule cells d. is removed by the body cells before the blood reaches the kidney Tubular reabsorption a. of glucose and many other substances is a T-limited active transport process b. of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na c. is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron d. of sodium occurs only in teh proximal tubule Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, starvation, and low-carboyhydrate diets are closely linked to a. ketonuria b.pyuria c. albuminuria d. hematuria
Biology - 3 Answers
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1 :
they're hard understanding!
2 :
I agree with ur other answer but I cant figure out how many times I need to answer ur question with all the ?????????????????????????
3 :
D renal vein: Nitrogen is excreted in the urine so it is filtered out at the kidneys. The renal vein should therefore have the lowest because it is the blood coming back from having the N-waste excreted. B are derived from and drain into arterioles: All other capillary beds begin from arterioles, then progress into venules. These are the only ones that progress into arterioles. C is removed by the tubule cells Removed in the proximal convoluted tubule. Probably A(?): a = I'm not sure what t-limited is b= Water is always linked to Na+, not Cl- c= It's the movement of fluids FROM the nephron back TO the blood, not the other way around. That is describing filtration. d= Sodium is reabsorbed MOSTLY in the proximal tubule, but also in the Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule, and Collecting Duct A Ketonuria: excretion of ketone bodies in the urine

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Thursday, April 16, 2009

Does a high sugar diet really lead to diabetes

Does a high sugar diet really lead to diabetes?
Does eating a lot of sugar make your body resistant to its own insulin? I would think that based on the "use it or lose it" motto that you would want to eat a lot of sugar to avoid diabetes. I'm referring to diabetes mellitus. I'm thinking that if you cut sugar out of your diet then your islets of langerhan will begin to atrophy due to lack of use which would result in diabetes. So eating more sugar would be a better way to avoid diabetes. Am I right?
Medicine - 3 Answers
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1 :
Ummm... lol... NO Read the book SUGARBUSTERS When you think about "sugar" do not just think about the crystalized white stuff. "Sugar" is in bread, fruits, vegetables, just about everything. We as a society eat enough sugar naturally that we don't need all of the sweets and candies. There's a cool graph in the book that shows that before the widespread use of "refined sugars", diabetes was found in less than 1% of our society. Sugar (also in carbohydrates) makes people fat and sickly. It stimulates the pancreas into creating insulin. Read up.
2 :
No. Obviously, you need to intake SOMETHING that can be reduced to pyruvate. Not enough sugar is very bad and kills you (ATP and NADH are important for staying alive). On the other hand, an increase in Glucose intake does not proportionally increase either glucose metabolism or Beta Cell production in the pancreas. If your glucose intake exceeds your pancreas's ability to produce insulin, you become hyperglycemic. If you make a bunch of insulin to counteract this, your cells reduce production of GLUT4 receptors to use insulin, making you more hypoglycemic. Intaking glucose beyond what you can use+what you can make into fat makes you increasingly more hyperglycemic, not less.
3 :
A high sugar diet definitely leads to diabetes mellitus type II. DM Type I results from a lack of insulin production since the Beta cells are basically killed off. This used to be referred to as juvenile diabetes. Insulin is a hormone that shoves sugar into most body cells. A high sugar spike in blood leads to high insulin spikes in blood. Hormones and their cell membrane receptors can go through up-regulation or down-regulation. Down-regulation makes the receptor less sensitive to the effects of the hormone so you need more hormone to get the same result. More hormone means more down-regulation, more down regulation means you need more hormone which leads to more down-regulation. It becomes a continuous cycle. Before full DM Type II is reached, people get Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X). Same idea happens when someone takes recreational drugs. Eventually the same dose doesn't work anymore cause of down-regulation and you need more alcohol, heroine, cocaine or whatever to get the same result. At the same time, the beta cells in the islets of langerhans can be overburdened or burnt out for having to make too much insulin. Eating a low sugar diet would not cause them to atrophy since you cannot completely avoid carbohydrates. Sugar just spikes insulin levels where complex carbs make levels rise and fall.

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Sunday, April 12, 2009

I need help with this health/diseases question

I need help with this health/diseases question?
Types of therapeutic diets are low-cholesterol, fat-restricted, sodium-restricted, low-protein, high-protein, bland, low-residue. Identify the type of diet that would be prescribed to a patient with each of the following conditions. Gallbladder or liver disease ulcers, colitis or diseases of digestive system Diabetes mellitus pregnant or lactating women Hypertension or heart disease sever nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea
Other - Diseases - 2 Answers
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1 :
Get your doubts about Health related problems solved here. http://healthywealthytip.blogspot.com
2 :
sodium restr, low cholesterol=hypertention, heart dz bland=nausea, vomiting low protein=diabetes high protein=lacting women fat restr.=gallbladder, liver dz low-residue=ulcers, colitis, dz of dig. sys.

Wednesday, April 8, 2009

Diabetes Mellitus and Elevated Glucose

Diabetes Mellitus and Elevated Glucose?
With non-insulin dependent DM my morning blood glucose is between 95-105 being controlled by metformin and amaryl. When I was placed on a liquid only diet the days that I only drank water and not liquids with nutrients the next day I had an elevated blood glucose of around 130. Those are the only days that it was elevated. What would cause the elevation? I am thinking that the reason of the elevation is an increased activity of glucagon due to to reduced intake of carbohydrates then a failure of regulation by insulin. There is no illness and the liquid diet was not prescribed due to glucemic control. The reason for it wont have any effect on the glucose levels. When a variety of liquids were consumed the glucose levels are normal.
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
The body can and will produce significant quantities of sugar on it's own. If you're just drinking water, it's likely that the body 'thinks' it is starving and begins to produce the necessary sugars to keep the bodily functions going. If you're sick and you're not eating, you may find it very difficult to control your blood sugar because of the sugars being created by your body to 'feed' you so that you have the strength to fight the illness despite the lack of food. In fact, one of the first signs of illness in diabetics is elevated blood sugar readings.
2 :
Why were you placed on a liquid diet? If it was because you were ill that could be one reason for elevate blood glucose. If you were on a liquid diet for test taking reasons, did you have to drink or take any type of prep, that could also be a reason why your blood glucose could be elevated. Were you taking your meds while on liquid diet?

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Saturday, April 4, 2009

Other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2

Other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2?
anyone knows what are the other causes of diabetes mellitus type 2 besides food and diet?
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
Here i s an excellent site with some wonderful options for you. It will definitely help you. Have a look. http://doctors38.notlong.com/6AAsZSA
2 :
Do you mean, what else can cause a person to have type 2 diabetes besides having a poor diet? Being fat, heavy, obese. Lack of exercise. Genetic predisposition (look up MODY mature onset diabetes of the young) Ethnic makeup (indian, native american, hispanic) Age. You don't have to be fat, not exercise, or eat a poor diet to get type 2 diabetes. Genetics plays a big role. I have known many fat, couch potatoes who have never had a sugar problem. They may be at risk for it, but never get it. Same thing with cancer. Not all smokers get lung cancer, and not everyone who gets lung cancer, smokes (like Dana Reeve). Here is my brief experience with diabetes: My great-grandma was a Sioux indian off the reservation. My mother has had diabetes since 30. She has always been on insulin. She was a little chunky, but on fat. Her sugars can go up very high. She was just hospitalized this year with a sugar of 1420. My uncle died from complications of diabetes at 45. He was obese. I had gestational diabetes 3x. I was a size 2-4 when I failed my diabetes test. I had asked to be tested early (at 12 weeks instead of 26 weeks) because of my family history. The doctors told me I couldn't possibly have it. They told me "Your thin, not old, and active. You couldn't possibly have it." I insisted. They gave me the test. I was right and they were wrong. I 've had two 9 lb., one 10 lb., and one 11 lb. baby. Three of the babies were one week early. Genetics play a big role.
3 :
Food and diet ARE NOT causes of type 2 diabetes they may be contributing factors, the main cause is heredity
4 :
people say genetics is the cause for diseases, but that's not entirely true, genetic factors just mean that there is a risk for developing such and such disease. It is not the cause, no matter what they say. I'm type 1 diabetic, and no one I mean nobody in my family stretching back for 3 generations has diabetes at all, not my brothers either. So I think and feel that diabetes comes from a person's immune system attacking and destroying itself which can happen from viruses etc.., that is another reason.. Diabetes is on the rise a lot as of late, and I don't care what evidence says not all of these new cases are genetically related. If someone's obese and has been for years and eats fried foods, and lots of cheap sugar products they will get diabetes and probably cancer too.

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Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Information on diabetes mellitus

Information on diabetes mellitus?
need information on 1800 calories ADA diet and food exchanges
Other - Education - 2 Answers
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1 :
Most people who have diabetes and are addicted to cola just drink diet cola but what makes it diet can cause cancer.
2 :
Calories don't matter too much, within reason. Sugar intake is the problem, not calories. Assuming it is type 2 diabetes you need to avoid sugar, not only sucrose but glucose and fructose too. Avoid fruit juice, sodapops, ice cream, candy, chocolate, confectionary. Even be careful about food sauces as they often contain a lot of sugar, eg sweet and sour sauce, cheese sauce. Use your own body indicators. If your vision gets blurred at some distances that may be lens osmosis caused by diabetes so that tells you to cut your sugar more and if you do so quickly then your eyes should improve again. If you urinate frequently at night you are taking in too much sugar before bed. If you live in a hot country ants in the toilet will indicate sugar in the urine. If some foods make you want to sleep that can be diabetes. Buy a blood sugar meter to monitor your blood sugar level frequently. Normal levels for non diabetics after 8 hours fasting (as you sleep) are up to 120 and for diabetics up to 140 is ok but above that you need to cut down more on sugar. Excercise regularly, even just an active daily routine shopping etc will do but dont become too sedintary. Check your blood pressure, cholesterol and triglicerides too as these are related to diabetes.

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