Monday, December 28, 2009

Difficult neurology MCQ

Difficult neurology MCQ?
A 35 year old woman comes to see a physician because of intermittent tingling and numbness of her feet during the past 6 months. She has a 30 year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Sensation of joint position is decreased in the toes and ankles, and vibration sense is decreased in the feet. There are decreased ankle jerks bilaterally. Pathologic changes of which of the following most likely occured in this patient? A. Dorsal Columns of the spinal cord B. Large- diameter axons of the distal portions of peripheral nerves C. Motoneurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord D. Spinocerebellar tracts of the spinal cord E. Spinothalamic tract neurons of the dorsal horn
Medicine - 1 Answers
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1 :
Answer is B. Patients with diabetes suffer localized, not spinal damager from the disease. Both small and large diameter axons are affected, but larger are affected more greatly due to the microvascular changes and basement membrane thickening due to AGE (sugar product buildup) damage in the vasculature. Diabetes does not typically directly affect spinal columns/nerves. Diabetic neuropathy is a peripheral disease.






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Thursday, December 24, 2009

Hypothetically with knowing how to identify one who is having a acid-base deficit could I diagnosis someone

Hypothetically with knowing how to identify one who is having a acid-base deficit could I diagnosis someone?
I was recently taught in the nursing program about acid and bases in my pathophysiology class and now just finished the course. If for example a patient comes into ER with symptoms of feeling fatigue and having a distinguish fruity smell from their breath. I suspect ketoneacidosis and that he/she may have type 1 diabetes mellitus. With getting the lab values back from the lab I see that his/her blood serum ph is 7.45 , PCO is 30mmHg and the HCO is 28mmHg. With knowing this I see that the patient is experiencing Respiratory Alkaline with a complete metabolic compensate. I this a possible diagnosis or even a proper one? With this knowledge of being able to figure out someone who is with such symptoms and then seeing on their lab values and such and making a diagnosis is possible? I know I can't really make a diagnoses and that only can a physician do so, but I was just wondering out of curiosity? Thanks! note: HCO is 20mmHg not 28mmHg
Other - Diseases - 1 Answers
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1 :
A patient with the fruity smell on their breath is going to be a Diabetic Ketoacidosis patient, Acidosis being the key factor there. They breathe fast in order to blow off the carbon dioxide which is causing the acidosis. I think that a PH of 7.45 is very unlikely in this situation. The diagnosis should be Comensated metabolic alkylosis. Normal lab values for HCO is 22-26, so that is elevated and causing the high end of normal on the PH. The PCO normal range is 35-45, it is decreased to compensate for the high bicarb. Bottom line, the Bicarb value is high. The respiratory factor PCO is low to compensate for the high bicarb. Hope this helps!






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Sunday, December 20, 2009

If i fast for more than three days will this happen to me

If i fast for more than three days will this happen to me?
Ketoacidosis is a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the deamination of amino acids, and the breakdown of fatty acids. This is most common in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus, when the liver breaks down fat and proteins in response to a perceived need for respiratory substrate. It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition. Ketoacidosis can be smelled on a person's breath. It is often described as smelling like fruit or paint thinner Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis
Diet & Fitness - 10 Answers
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1 :
yes
2 :
if you fast for 3 days you will get very very sick!!
3 :
"It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition." You answered your own question It might happen its not a positive absolute answer
4 :
It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition. of coure it can happen to u!!!!
5 :
Why do this when you can have 6 small meals a day with exercise to reach your goal?
6 :
Only if you have type 1 diabetes, and then you should fast anyway.
7 :
I dont know, but my whole Church is fasting for 7 days but we get to pick what we fast from but my mom usually fast from food, this might be bad, but I trust in the lord.
8 :
if you fast for three days your body will ajust to being able to go three days without food you wont get sick ive stopped eating way more than 1 week
9 :
I don't think so. Muslims, during Ramadan, fast for 30 days, they don't eat for 8 hours, or 20 hours. Most don't have any problems like that besides fatigue (for some). One of the benefit of fasting is that it cleans, purifies the toxins in the body and the brain. If you have any disease, or disorder, then I suggest you don't fast without consulting your physician first. Hope this helps.
10 :
You should never fast for more than 3-5 days and I don't recommend no eating fast. I like fasting on healthy foods. For 3 days I'll go on a leek soup diet....boil leeks to make the soup add a little bit of salt and pepper. I'd eat the leeks for my meals and drink the soup with meals and as snacks. You can also try a more macro/microbiotic diet I'll have a morning mix of juice of one lemon, a teaspoon of syrup, and a pinch of cayenne pepper (knock it back like a shot because it doesn't taste that great). For my meals I will have steamed vegetables and brown rice and for my snacks I will have vegetable juice. These are good ways to start off a diet or a new healthy way of cooking or if you feeling extra bloated one weekend with an event to go to.






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Wednesday, December 16, 2009

Confused about this? question about fasting

Confused about this? question about fasting?
i wanted to fast for a lil but i heard that ketoacidosis can occure if u fast. so if a person fasts for three days ur body panics and breaks down fats and protiens? from where? muscles? body fat? is this really unhealthy? wikipedia definition: Ketoacidosis is a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the deamination of amino acids, and the breakdown of fatty acids. This is most common in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus, when the liver breaks down fat and proteins in response to a perceived need for respiratory substrate. It can also occur with people undergoing hunger strikes, fasting over 3 days, or people starving to death as the body is forced to break down fat for sustenance due to their lack of outside nutrition. Ketoacidosis can be smelled on a person's breath. It is often described as smelling like fruit or paint thinner Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis
Diet & Fitness - 3 Answers
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1 :
if you fast, your body needs certain nutrients to support basic life functions. it must get the nutrients from somewhere so it will turn to muscle.. MUSCLE FIRST, THEN FAT. this is because muscle is easier for the body to break down to get amino acids that it needs to survive. it can place the amino acids where they are needed, and use them as caloric fuel to carry on life functions. the body will also break down some fats for the same purpose, but it prefers muscle to fat. when you are done fasting, you have lost muscle mass and fat, and you have brought your metabolism to a halt. when you resume eating, your metabolism will be slower than before, and with the reduced muscle tissue, you will not be burning as many calories throughout the day. this is why fasting to lose weight is the worst approach you can take.
2 :
if you drink lots of water and take vitamins you will be fine... fasting is good if you are trying to cleans you body.. its not good for weight loss
3 :
Yes, it's extremely unhealthy to starve yourself. Besides which, it doesn't help with the dieting at all, because if you do go through periods of starving your body, it will simply store more fat when you ARE eating in order to get through these periods of "famine". Your muscles will be the first to go, because muscle tissue needs a steady influx of nutrients to maintain itself. Then stores of fat will be used. Basically, your body starts cannibalising itself. In any case, it is a very unhealthy, and in the long term inefficient, way to lose weight. Not to mention, prolonged fasting can lead to all kinds of secondary health problems, some of which could eventually become life-threatening. You'd do much better switching to only eating fruits and vegetables if you are that desperate to lose weight. It's about as okay to go hungry for a long time as it is to consume a ton more calories than you strictly need. The only healthy way to attain your ideal weight is the golden rule that applies to everything: moderation.





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Saturday, December 12, 2009

Physiology question

Physiology question?
A person with type 1 diabetes mellitus accidentally overdoses on insulin. What symptoms might she experience, and why? If she remains conscious, what treatment might be offered to adjust her blood glucose level?
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
uhhh 911
2 :
When a person OD on insulin they become hypoglycemic. The signs can vary but they can be nervous/anxious, trembling, hungry, sweaty, weak, and may have trouble talking. Give the person sugar and or food if their blood sugar is below 50mg/dl.







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Tuesday, December 8, 2009

Thoughts on Genetic Engineering

Thoughts on Genetic Engineering?
With the new advancements in technology Genetic Engineering is becoming a thing of reality. The Vatican Church officially condemned it with it's new set of sins. The possibility of healing crippled arms and legs could become real if humans research on Bio-modification. Stem cell could treat things such as cancer, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, spinal cord injuries, and muscle damage, amongst a number of other diseases and impairments. So what are your thoughts on the matter?
Religion & Spirituality - 8 Answers
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1 :
I'm pretty sure the people who're against it enjoy seedless grapes.
2 :
Why would god even gave mankind intelligence. To utilize DUH. Genetic engineering does good more than harm. It seems religion thesedays are ridiculous, its blockage for prospering society. Why does some theists want all of us to go back to the stone age?
3 :
Do you mean the way that genetic engineering has created food that has no nutritional value which is being marketed now in vast quantities? edit: Which has replaced the food that God made, on the shelves at the grocery store?
4 :
I don't have a problem with it. Though, all those people who want to remain sin-less shouldn't eat seedless grapes or certain apples or even corn on the cob.
5 :
It is never wrong to seek information. It is risky. Most things of of value require a lot of hard work and some risks to obtain. Honesty, compassion, and fearlessness are what are required of the human race to progress and achieve. Not religious dogma.
6 :
Its only a sin if they kill a fetus to use the stem cell. If they use a fetus stem cell which was to be thrown in the garbage anyway, how could that matter? Which if I heard correctly the adult stem cell used without harm to the adult is more effective anyway.
7 :
stem cell research really hits home for me. my wife has MS and stem cells could do amazing things if fundi assholes didnt make the rules. i cant believe in this day and age this is even an issue. its the ultimate example of how religion forces itself on everyone. i hope that in the near future we come to our senses and get stem cell research up and running again. it will help millions of people, whats wrong with that?
8 :
Yeah, and with genetic engineering comes the perfect race. One can already choose the sex of ones baby before they're born; soon we'll probably be able to choose height, hair color, eye color, strength, agility, speed, and they're you have it: the perfect human. And any "specimen" who isn't up to par is aborted.






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Friday, December 4, 2009

My friend needs help writing an e-mail referal cover letter

My friend needs help writing an e-mail referal cover letter?
this is what she has written so far... Site Coordinator Katherine Black, suggested I contact you regarding the Research Specialist opening. I was fascinated to learn that Dr. Lochrie was researching type 1 diabetes mellitus. I believe my knowledge of and experience with psychological research and work with families and children are an excellent match for this position. she is stressing over this.. what else should she write.. that's one paragraph so far
Other - Careers & Employment - 1 Answers
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1 :
if she is writing a cover letter she simply needs three short paragraphs each containing at least four sentences but no more than six. The cover letter should be straight to the point and only one page but no less than one page. She needs to make sure she has added her first and last name along with the current date and her contact information at the top of the letter. Next she need to add the name of the person she is writing to and their contact information, like the address of the company and the company name. then she needs to write Dear, such and such and begin her letter. In the first paragraph she needs to simple state what position she is applying for and what skills she has that would make her a good fit. In the second paragraph she needs to state why she would be a great asset to the company and why wants to be hired. In the last paragraph she needs to close everything up and simply write that she is thankful the person took the time to consider her application and that she will contact the employer in a week or so to answer and questions they may have about her and to schedule and interview. After all that she needs to type her name like she is closing a letter and sign her name with a pen.





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Tuesday, December 1, 2009

Questions about diabetes

Questions about diabetes?
please match these Diabetes Insulin Glucose “blood sugar” type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes gestational diabetes diabetes mellitus fasting blood plasma diabetes educator hypoglycemia hyperglycemia ketones regular insulin rapid acting insulin ultra-long-acting insulin endocrinologist nutritionist/dietician ophthalmologist 1: Means that the person getting tested doesn't eat or dirink anyting except water for at lease eight hours before the diabetes test. 2: Begins working in thirty minutes to an hour. 3: The acidic product that results from the body burning fat, which happens when the body runs out of insulin. 4: A specialist in diseases of the endocrine system, of which the pancreas is a prt. 5: A disease in which the body either does not produce or des not properly use the hormone insulin. 6: Full name of the disease diabetes. 7: The body cannot produce any insulin. 8: Someone trained in helping people manage day-to-day diabetes treatment and concerns. 9: The clear part of blood that carries red and white blood cells. It also carries glucose. 10: The body's main fuel which is made in the stomach and small intestine from the conversion of carbohydrates you eat. 11: Someone who can help you understand what you should be eating in order to manage your diabetes. 12: Glucose 13: Low blood sugar - could be in need of fast-acting carbs. 14: Eperienced temporarily by about 1 to 4 percent of pregnant women. 15: A hormone that is necessary for the body to change food into the energy it needs. 16: The body cannot produce enough insulin, can't use it efficiently, or both. 17: High blood sugar. 18: Starts working in a little more than an hour but then keeps working without peaks for twenty-four hours. 19: Starts working in five to ten minutes. 20: A doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of a diabetic's eyes.
Diabetes - 0 Answers
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1 :
I'm wondering whether you've actually given any thought to this homework. Anyway, here are the correct answers: 1: Means that the person getting tested doesn't eat or drink anything except water for at lease eight hours before the diabetes test. – fasting 2: Begins working in thirty minutes to an hour. – regular insulin 3: The acidic product that results from the body burning fat, which happens when the body runs out of insulin. – ketones 4: A specialist in diseases of the endocrine system, of which the pancreas is a part. – endocrinologist 5: A disease in which the body either does not produce or des not properly use the hormone insulin. – diabetes 6: Full name of the disease diabetes. – diabetes mellitus 7: The body cannot produce any insulin. – type 1 diabetes 8: Someone trained in helping people manage day-to-day diabetes treatment and concerns. – diabetes educator 9: The clear part of blood that carries red and white blood cells. It also carries glucose. – blood plasma 10: The body's main fuel which is made in the stomach and small intestine from the conversion of carbohydrates you eat. – glucose 11: Someone who can help you understand what you should be eating in order to manage your diabetes. – nutritionist/dietician 12: Glucose – “blood sugar” 13: Low blood sugar - could be in need of fast-acting carbs. – hypoglycaemia 14: Experienced temporarily by about 1 to 4 percent of pregnant women. – gestational diabetes 15: A hormone that is necessary for the body to change food into the energy it needs. – insulin 16: The body cannot produce enough insulin, can't use it efficiently, or both. – type 2 diabetes 17: High blood sugar. – hyperglycemia 18: Starts working in a little more than an hour but then keeps working without peaks for twenty-four hours. – ultra-long-acting insulin 19: Starts working in five to ten minutes. – rapid acting insulin 20: A doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of a diabetic's eyes. - ophthalmologist







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