Sunday, March 28, 2010

Are glucagon irresponsive in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Are glucagon irresponsive in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ?
We all know about type 2 diabetes. The Pancreas still works and produces both the natual insulin and glucagon. As we know in type 2 diabetes, insulin is not properly syncronised to respond with an increase in glucose level in the blood in an attempt to reduce the glucose level and maintain normal range. Now, we all know glucagon, the opposite of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, alike insulin, does it mean the natural glucagon produced in the pancreas is also not properly tuned up and syncronised to respond to a decrease in glucose level in the blood?? ( e.g glucagon detects lower than normal range of glucose level in the blood, is automatically release from the pancreas to go and provoke & break down glucogen stored in the liver and convert it into glucose to be sent out into the blood in order to automatically restore normal range of glucoze level in the blood) My question arise because often when patient is not eating, diabetes still get high..could this properly be due to stress, which provoke glucagon to release glucogen from the liver? In order for me to understand this, i first and foremost need to know if glucagon still works normal operations in type 2 diabetes mellitus in contrary to insulin. If glucagon doesn't work, it means stress will not incease glucose / sugar level in type 2 patients...then why do we say stress is a factor which rise up glucose level in type 2?? Thanks for reading and responding. Hope a Dr makes me understand this. Sam
Diabetes - 1 Answers
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1 :
Glucagon still works fine in T2DM. Blood sugar becomes high when stressed due to glucagon production and glycogen conversion to glucose. Actually, type two diabetes starts out as insulin resistance, not a lack of insulin. Therefore, at least in the early stages, it has less to do with lack of insulin production and more to do with the body's resistance to the insulin that is produced.

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Wednesday, March 24, 2010

How is diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obescity

How is diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with obescity?
i would like to know the effect that extra fat has on the metabolism of glucose.
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
http://www.phlaunt.com/diabetes/ Read the above site for some insight on this. Obesity is not that much a factor in who gets type 2, but it does make a difference to those who get type 2 in how their medications work to aid them in maintaining low glucose numbers.
2 :
Because the extra fat is pushing on the pancreas making it hard to work, so you become resistant to the insulin. Then the insulin isn't there to lower your sugar so it gets all outa whack.

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Saturday, March 20, 2010

Is diabetes mellitus type 2 the same thing as diabetes type 2

Is diabetes mellitus type 2 the same thing as diabetes type 2?
help, please :(. im a nursing student ... a new one.. and trying to do some paperwork in someone who has diabetes type 2. i keep finding stuff that comes up diabetes mellitus type 2...is it the same thing as regular diabetes type 2???? i'm confused.
Diabetes - 7 Answers
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1 :
yes
2 :
same thing...don't nursing students have a tabor's encyclopedia these days? just wondering.
3 :
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. It is a disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). It is a metabolic disease that requires medical diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle changes. The World Health Organization recognizes three main forms of diabetes: type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes (or type 3, occurring during pregnancy)[1], although these three "types" of diabetes are more accurately considered patterns of pancreatic failure rather than single diseases. Type 1 is due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing cells, while type 2 and gestational diabetes are due to insulin resistance by tissues. Type 2 may progress to destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas, but is still considered Type 2, even though insulin administration may be required.. Since the first therapeutic use of insulin (1921) diabetes has been a treatable but chronic condition, and the main risks to health are its characteristic long-term complications. These include cardiovascular disease (doubled risk), chronic renal failure (it is the main cause for dialysis in developed world adults), retinal damage which can lead to blindness and is the most significant cause of adult blindness in the non-elderly in the developed world, nerve damage, erectile dysfunction (impotence), to gangrene with risk of amputation of toes, feet, and even legs.
4 :
yes, these are the same. these both refer to diabetes that was not diagnosed as a young person. The type ii diabetics are usually older. But now, with rising obesity and poor diet and unhealthy lifestyle, we are seeing an onset of type ii at an earlier age, like the twenties. I like to think of it like this... type one diabetics are diagnosed at a younger age, under twenty. their pancreas never produced enough insulin to keep the blood sugars under control. type 2 diabetics, as a result of poor lifestyle, diet, excercise, have possibly worn out their pancreas, and it no longer secretes sufficient insulin to control the blood sugar. this is really not a textbook definition, this is just how i remember it. (however, not all type 2 diabetics are big, fat, and unhealthy. genetics do play a part). and also, easy tip, type I diagnosed young, before the type II, an older crowd. use chronology. I hope I havent totally confused you. I am a nurse in an internal medicine clinic and deal with this all day long. hope it helps.
5 :
Yes, it is, Melissa. That's exactly what I have. Good luck on becoming a nurse. ! :)
6 :
yes this is the same. DM type 2. You should read a bit more since this is basic nursing student stuff.
7 :
Someone along the way has shorten the name to just diabetes T1 because they are lazy but it IS the same. There are many forms but the "Myelitis" is the most common form of Diabetes. So someone said diabetes T1 or Type 2 and/or gestational and the shorter form was born!!! The correct and the professional way to refer to it is Diabetes Myelitis (and then the type) Along time ago referred it was also a NIDMT2 (or gestational) WRONG.... Non insulin diabetes type 2 is not a correct dx, either is IDDM. BUT ICD9 codes use this as a standard for billing. But I don't think nurses need to know that (unless you do self billing!) Good Luck with your training. Us Diabetics of all type's need you nurses to be well trained before working on us.

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Tuesday, March 16, 2010

My friend needs help writing an e-mail referal cover letter

My friend needs help writing an e-mail referal cover letter?
this is what she has written so far... Site Coordinator Katherine Black, suggested I contact you regarding the Research Specialist opening. I was fascinated to learn that Dr. Lochrie was researching type 1 diabetes mellitus. I believe my knowledge of and experience with psychological research and work with families and children are an excellent match for this position. she is stressing over this.. what else should she write.. that's one paragraph so far
Higher Education (University +) - 1 Answers
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1 :
Write 2 more paragraphs on your skills and why you would be good for that job. And one last paragraph explaining the college/schools you have finished required for those skills and knowledge. Good luck!

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Friday, March 12, 2010

Is it safe or okay to take d4 thermal shock if i have type 1 diabetes mellitus

Is it safe or okay to take d4 thermal shock if i have type 1 diabetes mellitus?
I am reading and researching and i am getting mixed results form both doctors and websites
Diabetes - 2 Answers
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1 :
Like any supplement claiming to do everything that does, it's full of bull. There is absolutely no scientific research behind any of those claims, and it's all out to get your money. I wouldn't bother.... It won't do anything.
2 :
It depends how your diabetes is treated and how well it's controlled. I can't see any carbohydrate blockers in d4 (anything that blocks carb absorption should def be avoided!) so it should be ok if you're on basal bolus or a pump (don't try it on mixed insulins). Check your blood sugars more often than usual, esp when you start using it, and adjust your insulin to account for any changes in your metabolism. Make sure you follow the packet directions closely. Good luck xx

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Monday, March 8, 2010

Health Questions-help

Health Questions-help?
Question 1 Which of the following risk factors is controllable? A)stress B)alcohol intake C)diabetes mellitus D)high blood cholesterol E)all of these Question 2 Smokers' risk of heart attack is _______ times the risk of nonsmokers. A)two to four B) four to six C)six to eight D)eight to ten Question 3 Regular physical exercise lowers blood pressure. A)True B)False Question 4 Excessive drinking of alcohol can cause many types of disease. A)True B)False Question 5 Four out of five people who die from heart disease are 65 or older. A)True B)False Question 6 Physical exercise helps to prevent heart disease. A)True B)False Question 7 Women have a greater risk of heart attack than men do, and they have attacks earlier in life. A)True B)False Question 8 A person's cholesterol level is not affected by age, sex, heredity, and diet. A)True B)False Question 9 Which of the following is considered a "good" cholesterol? A)LDL B)HDL C)triglycerides Question 10 Alcohol can contribute to: A)cancer B)irregular heartbeats C)obesity D)suicide E)all of the above
Other - Health - 1 Answers
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1 :
I am not doing your homework for you.

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Thursday, March 4, 2010

Can someone check my biology answers

Can someone check my biology answers?
ok so im trying to study for my bio quiz and i answered some multiple choice questions at the end of the chapter. can someone just tell me if i got it wrong and if i did what is the right answer? thank you! i already know the 1st one is correct so i wont post it. 2.) Which type of glands are ductless? (b) a. exocrine b. endocrine c. Both a and b are correct d. neither a nor b is correct 3.) Which hormones can cross cell membranes? (b) a. peptide hormones b. steroid hormones c. both a and b are correct d. neither a nor b is correct 4.) The anterior pituitary controls the secretion(s) of: (b) a. both the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex b. both thyroid and adrenal cortex c. both ovaries and testes d. both b and c are correct 5.) Growth hormone is produced by the (c) a. posterior adrenal gland b. posterior pituitary c. anterior pituitary d. kidneys e. none of these are correct 6.) ____ is released through positive feedback and causes ____: (c) a. insulin, stomach contractions b. oxytocin, stomach contractions c. oxytocin, uterine contractions d. none of these are correct 7.) PTH causes the blood levels of calcium to ____, and calcitonin causes it to ____: (b) a. increase, increase b. increase, decrease c. decrease, increase d. decrease, decrease 8.) Bodily response to stress includes: (e) a. water reabsorption by the kidneys b. blood pressure increase c. heart rate increase e. all of these are correct 9.) Anabolic steroid use can cause: (e) a. liver damage b. severe acne c. balding d. reduced testicular size e. all of these are correct 10.) Lack of aldosterone will cause a blood imbalance of: (b) a. sodium b. potassium c. water d. all of these are correct e. none of these are correct 11.) Glucagon causes: (d) a. use of fat for energy b. kidney disease c. all of these are correct d. Both a and be are correct e. none of these are correct 12.) Long-term complications of diabetes incude: (d) a. blindness b. kidney disease c. circulatory disorders d. all of these are correct (blindness, kidney disease, circulatory disorders) 13.) Diabetes mellitus is associated with (b) a. too much insulin in the blood b. too high a blood glucose level. c. blood that is too dilute d. all of these are correct 14.) Which of these is not a pair of antagonistic hormones? (c) a. insulin- glucagon b. calcitonin- parathyroid hormone c. cortisol- epinephrine d. aldosterone- atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 15.) Which hormone and condition is mismatched? (d) a. growth hormone- acromegaly b. thyroxine- goiter c. parathyroid hormone- tetany d. cortisol- myxedema e. insulin- diabetes thank you so much to whoever helps! the answers i chose were in the ( ) right after the question. but don't worry about it i already took the quiz, thanks!
Biology - 1 Answers
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1 :
d is the answer to number 12 but how can I check you answers when all I see are the questions? Anyway you might find this link at least interesting: http://www.diseaseproof.com/archives/diabetes-diabetes-alert.html

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Monday, March 1, 2010

Do you know your health? BECAUSE I DON'T! PLEASE HELP

Do you know your health? BECAUSE I DON'T! PLEASE HELP!?
Multiple Choice Choose the best answer for each question. 1. Which of the following is NOT a function of fat? protection of organs insulation of the body quick source of energy production of the sex hormones 2. Which of the following nutrients provides the first source of energy for humans? proteins carbohydrates vitamins minerals 3. Which of the following nutrients helps to build muscle, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, forms hormones, and antibodies? lipids proteins minerals carbohydrates 4. What statement best describes the typical American diet? It contains too little protein. It contains too little fat. It contains too many fruits and vegetables. It contains too much sugar. 5. If a person is experiencing constipation, what carbohydrate should they increase in their diet? glucose lactose cellulose glycogen 6. Which statement best describes minerals and their function? Minerals are found only in the bones and teeth. Minerals are organic compounds used in energy production. Minerals provide energy when carbohydrates are not available. Minerals are elements which help to build cells and repair body tissues. 7. When an oil is changed to a solid, trans fat, like in the production of some margarines, what is the process called? hydrogenation synthesis assimilation integration 8. Which carbohydrate is known as blood sugar and is needed by all body cells to produce energy? glucose sucrose glycogen starch 9. How many calories are provided by a salad dressing containing 23 fat grams? 61 92 207 255 10. What type of fat simulates the liver to produce more cholesterol which can lead to the depositing of cholesterol in the blood vessels? unsaturated fat saturated fat phospholipids lipoprotein 11. Which medical condition is not related to one's nutrition? diabetes mellitus obesity atherosclerosis bronchitis 12. What current factor influences American health habits in a negative way? more offerings of chicken and fish in restaurants as alternatives to beef a hurried lifestyle leading to many meals eaten away from home the emphasis of increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet more available information on the nutritional content of foods 13. Suzie consumes 2,700 calories every day but requires only 2,300 calories to meet her energy needs. Over time, Suzie's calorie consumption may lead to what disorder? obesity anorexia nervosa bulimia fitness 14. What form of fat is carried in the blood by lipoproteins? amino acids cellulose triglycerides phospholipids 15. Why must all essential amino acids be present in the body at the same time for growth and repair to take place? It takes the body too long to make the essential amino acids. Proteins cannot be made by the body if they are absent. Too much energy will be used up to make them. The body will have to start breaking down fat to make them. 16. What mineral is needed for healthy bones and teeth? potassium sodium iron calcium 17. Which vitamin found in citrus fruits and tomatoes is necessary for iron absorption, collagen formation, and increasing the function of the immune system? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D 18. What is measured by the basal metabolic rate (BMR)? the energy needs of the body at rest calories needed by the body during physical activity rate at which a person needs calories during the day rate at which food is converted to energy 19. Which of the following is NOT a function of water? removal of waste products from the body circulation of substances through the blood temperature regulation and sweat production production of hormones 20. Restaurants typically add too much of which of the following nutrients to food resulting in higher calories? fat vitamins water fiber 21. A man's weight is considered obese and harmful to his health if it is greater than which of the following percentages? 5% 10% 15% 20% 22. What government agency has provided the public with dietary guidelines to help promote health and prevent disease? Food and Drug Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture
Diet & Fitness - 4 Answers
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1 :
I know number 4 is It contains too much sugar
2 :
Why don't you open a textbook?
3 :
1. production of the sex hormones 2. carbohydrates 3. proteins 4. It contains too little protein. 5. cellulose Ugghhh too many! sorry
4 :
Are you taking the online class at BYU? Becaue thats what Im taking and these are the exact question that are on my speedback assignment!

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