Tuesday, June 28, 2011

2. Why is the serum bicarbonate low? 3. What is the acid-base status of this individual

2. Why is the serum bicarbonate low? 3. What is the acid-base status of this individual?
A 21 year old noncomplaint male with a history of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was found in a coma. His blood glucose was high, as well as his urine glucose, urine ketones, and serum ketones. His serum bicarbonate was <12 mEq/L. His respiration was exaggerated and his breath had an acetone odor. His blood pressure was 90/60 and his pulse weak and rapid (120).
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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1 :
low bicarb = acidosis
2 :
, he has got a metabolic acidosis, dehidration and coma hiperosmolar
3 :
This is diabetic ketoacidosis. His ketones rose significantly because of a lack of insulin. I think the bicarb is low because the body wastes it (from the kidneys) because in ketoacidosis, the body produces more urine. It's kussmaul respirations, the body is trying to rid carbon dioxide and the ketones produce a fruity smell on the breath. it's a anion gap metabolic acidosis.





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Friday, June 24, 2011

Help with ICD 9 codes

Help with ICD 9 codes?
I am trying to find the ICD 9 codes for these questions. Could anyone please help? 1. Malignant hypertension with cardiovascular renal disease and congestive heart failure 2. Malignant hypertension with cerebrovascular disease with occlusion of the cerebral arteries 3. Pregnant patient with diabetes mellitus, Type 1, out of control and in comma, undelivered
Homework Help - 3 Answers
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1 :
Quick go get your ICD Code book because I forgot to memorize mine.
2 :
hang on and i'll look up exact codes for u look up disease..then u will go to 404... it will be 404.01...because of the heart failure..... you do the same with the rest.
3 :
You may be able to find the answers here: http://icd9cm.chrisendres.com/






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Monday, June 20, 2011

Questions about diabetes

Questions about diabetes?
please match these Diabetes Insulin Glucose “blood sugar� type 1 diabetes type 2 diabetes gestational diabetes diabetes mellitus fasting blood plasma diabetes educator hypoglycemia hyperglycemia ketones regular insulin rapid acting insulin ultra-long-acting insulin endocrinologist nutritionist/dietician ophthalmologist 1: Means that the person getting tested doesn't eat or dirink anyting except water for at lease eight hours before the diabetes test. 2: Begins working in thirty minutes to an hour. 3: The acidic product that results from the body burning fat, which happens when the body runs out of insulin. 4: A specialist in diseases of the endocrine system, of which the pancreas is a prt. 5: A disease in which the body either does not produce or des not properly use the hormone insulin. 6: Full name of the disease diabetes. 7: The body cannot produce any insulin. 8: Someone trained in helping people manage day-to-day diabetes treatment and concerns. 9: The clear part of blood that carries red and white blood cells. It also carries glucose. 10: The body's main fuel which is made in the stomach and small intestine from the conversion of carbohydrates you eat. 11: Someone who can help you understand what you should be eating in order to manage your diabetes. 12: Glucose 13: Low blood sugar - could be in need of fast-acting carbs. 14: Eperienced temporarily by about 1 to 4 percent of pregnant women. 15: A hormone that is necessary for the body to change food into the energy it needs. 16: The body cannot produce enough insulin, can't use it efficiently, or both. 17: High blood sugar. 18: Starts working in a little more than an hour but then keeps working without peaks for twenty-four hours. 19: Starts working in five to ten minutes. 20: A doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of a diabetic's eyes.
Diabetes - 0 Answers
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1 :
I'm wondering whether you've actually given any thought to this homework. Anyway, here are the correct answers: 1: Means that the person getting tested doesn't eat or drink anything except water for at lease eight hours before the diabetes test. – fasting 2: Begins working in thirty minutes to an hour. – regular insulin 3: The acidic product that results from the body burning fat, which happens when the body runs out of insulin. – ketones 4: A specialist in diseases of the endocrine system, of which the pancreas is a part. – endocrinologist 5: A disease in which the body either does not produce or des not properly use the hormone insulin. – diabetes 6: Full name of the disease diabetes. – diabetes mellitus 7: The body cannot produce any insulin. – type 1 diabetes 8: Someone trained in helping people manage day-to-day diabetes treatment and concerns. – diabetes educator 9: The clear part of blood that carries red and white blood cells. It also carries glucose. – blood plasma 10: The body's main fuel which is made in the stomach and small intestine from the conversion of carbohydrates you eat. – glucose 11: Someone who can help you understand what you should be eating in order to manage your diabetes. – nutritionist/dietician 12: Glucose – “blood sugar� 13: Low blood sugar - could be in need of fast-acting carbs. – hypoglycaemia 14: Experienced temporarily by about 1 to 4 percent of pregnant women. – gestational diabetes 15: A hormone that is necessary for the body to change food into the energy it needs. – insulin 16: The body cannot produce enough insulin, can't use it efficiently, or both. – type 2 diabetes 17: High blood sugar. – hyperglycemia 18: Starts working in a little more than an hour but then keeps working without peaks for twenty-four hours. – ultra-long-acting insulin 19: Starts working in five to ten minutes. – rapid acting insulin 20: A doctor who specializes in the care and treatment of a diabetic's eyes. - ophthalmologist





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Thursday, June 16, 2011

Could diabetes ever be an advantage in an environment

Could diabetes ever be an advantage in an environment?
Could it? Diabetes is generally this, skip it if you know what it is. Diabetes mellitus (IPA: /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/, /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/), often referred to simply as diabetes (Ancient Greek: διαβαίνειν "to pass through"), is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).[2] Blood glucose levels are controlled by a complex interaction of multiple chemicals and hormones in the body, including the hormone insulin made in the beta cells of the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus refers to the group of diseases that lead to high blood glucose levels due to defects in either insulin secretion or insulin action. [3] Diabetes develops due to a diminished production of insulin (in type 1) or resistance to its effects (in type 2 and gestational).[4] Both lead to hyperglycaemia, which largely causes the acute signs of diabetes: excessive urine production, resulting compensatory thirst and increased fluid intake, blurred vision, unexplained weight loss, lethargy, and changes in energy metabolism. Monogenic forms, e.g. MODY, constitute 1-5 % of all cases. So now lets say there's an organism that is in a low sugar environment, could it be a good thing?
Biology - 2 Answers
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1 :
I am diabetic and have recently had to start insulin. I don't think there is any advantages to having diabetes. It is frustrating most of the time and I hate being diabetic.
2 :
Well the classic answer is (or at least used to be) that if your ancient ancestors lived in times of feast or famine, having higher blood sugar would tide them over for a few days till they ate next. Then it got out of hand (evolutionarily) so it became fatal if untreated (at least Type I). Since 1921 we've been working against evolution by giving ourselves insulin so we can grow up and have kids, perpetuating the genes.





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Sunday, June 12, 2011

Please, can someone help me do this bibliography?? (i need to turn this in in 40 minutes)

Please, can someone help me do this bibliography?? (i need to turn this in in 40 minutes)?
Sorry I would usually do this myself, but desperate times call for desperate measures. Can someone please do the bibliography for me?? THank you so much! Best answer to whoever answers the best. If you're too lazy to do it can you at least please tell me how i'm supposed to arrange it? thanks (1) nlm.nih.gov/MEDLINEPLUS/ency/article/000313.htm (2) “Type 2 Diabetes” American Diabetes Assosiation October 2008 <http://www.diabetes.org/type-2-diabetes.jsp> (3) http://www.fda.gov/Diabetes/ (4) http://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-2-diabetes (5) http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=9780813829333&site=1 (6) http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/20/3/152?hits=10&FIRSTINDEX=0&FULLTEXT=Diabetes+type+2&SEARCHID=1&gca=nips%3B20%2F3%2F152& (7) http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2112 (8) http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3046103 (9) Matthews, Dawn D., ed. Diabetes Source Book. United States: Health Reference Series, 2003. (10) Peters, MD, Anne L. Conquering Diabetes. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. (11) Complete Guide to Diabetes. United States: American Diabetes Association, 1996. (12) http://www.diabetesnet.com/ (13) Bernstain, M.D., Richard K. Dr. Bernstein's Diabetes Solution. Boston, New York, London: Little, Brown and Company, 1997,2003. (14) L. Plum, F. T. Wunderlich, S. Baudler, W. Krone and J. C. Brüning “Transgenic and Knockout Mice in Diabetes Research: Novel Insights into Pathophysiology, Limitations, and Perspectives” APS Online Journal Vol. 20, No. 3, 152-161, June 2005 <http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/20/3/152?hits=10&FIRSTINDEX=0&FULLTEXT=Diabetes+type+2&SEARCHID=1&gca=nips%3B20%2F3%2F152&> (15) Holger Doege and Andreas Stahl “Protein-Mediated Fatty Acid Uptake” APS Online Journal Vol. 21, No. 4, 259-268, August 2006 <http://physiologyonline.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/21/4/259?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=diabetes+type+2&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=20&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT> (16) Votey, Scott MD “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - A Review” eMedicine Jul 9, 2008. October 2008. <emedicine.com/emerg/topic134.htm> (17) <medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/page7.htm> MLA Format
Homework Help - 2 Answers
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1 :
It depends, we don't know what format your bibliography needs to be in. Typically, I would say that they're in APA format. So, here's a website where you can look it up. http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm
2 :
Some of the links don't work. but what you do is organize them in alphabetical order. by the author's last name. and if the piece of work doesn't have an author.... then start with the title first. you should do mla format for this, if you can "Author and/or editor names Name of the database, or title of project, book, article Any version numbers available Date of version, revision, or posting Publisher information Date you accessed the material Electronic address, printed between carets ([<, >])."






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Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Type I or II Diabetes

Type I or II Diabetes??
Time after carbohydrate meal (minutes) 0306090120 A4.17.97.47.04.0 B11.017.319.617.715.5 Blood glucose in mmoles/L Urine Test Sugar??Ketone Bodies?? ANegative0 B+++1.5 pm/L I know patient B is suffering from diabetes mellitus but is it type I or II and why?? yep have found an insulin result Patient A= 5.5 ng/ml Patient B= 0.22 ng/ml So Patient B is a Type I diabetic. Thanks for your answers.
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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1 :
Umm ... B may be a type 1. Did "B" take insulin with their meal? What kind? It seems to me that a type 2's insulin would be released more quickly (since their pancreas still produces) so the sugars wouldn't peak that high that fast. Those numbers look like something my daughter would get ... though if she's at 279 at the end of 2 hours then she's not getting enough insulin. This is my totally uneducated opinion :o) I'm not sure you're going to find anyone in this forum that can help you with your homework. --edit-- Mr Peachy, a type 1 does eventually come back down without insulin. The sugar comes out with their urine, that's why there's increased urination and thirst. It just doesn't come down fast enough, and usually not far enough.
2 :
Could be type two since the numbers seem to be coming back down. Not enough info to tell for sure. If the patient were a type one and wasn't treated, it would probably continue upward. The reason is, a type two produces insulin which, despite it not working all that well, will eventually bring the glucose levels down. An untreated type one has no insulin to bring the levels back to normal. Either way, this patient needs help.
3 :
You will need to know this if you are to work with diabetics. You must really understand what you are learning. B is a Type 1 because: -The very high sustained elevated blood glucose readings. -Positive urine ketones -Low insulin levels. Research autoimmune Type 1 diabetes to learn WHY this occurs, and how it is different from Type 2 diabetes.





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Saturday, June 4, 2011

I am type II diabestes, 3.30am was 171 and 117 when I awake up at 9.00am. How can get it normal

I am type II diabestes, 3.30am was 171 and 117 when I awake up at 9.00am. How can get it normal?
I have diabetes mellitus, almost having between 116 to 125 in the morning. How can get it normal?
Diabetes - 3 Answers
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1 :
I'm in the UK, and our numbering system is different to yours, so i don't understand that part of it. If it means your blood sugar is very high, it may mean you need a certain type of drug to help your body cope. You really need to see a medical person because only they can give personal advice. Why not make an appointment Monday, then they can put your mind at rest. Best of luck, Judith
2 :
First of all, stop all eating after 6 PM. Second exercise, exercise exercise. That means a 30 minute walk everyday. Then I think you will acheive your objective. For me I would not check at 3;30 am. Instead I would , And I do, a HBA1C test every 3 months. That gives me a more accurate gauge of my diabetes control. For me the least amount of testing is the best. My Hba1c is between 5.6 and 5.9. So this is why I don't bother to check daily. Testing can get you chasing needless ghosts. We have Diabetes, and we never will be perfect!By the way , the test every 3 months , also have fasting sugar level between 110 and 117. Good luck to you. I know I will get a lot of flack from other answerers , but that how I do it.
3 :
I am reading an interesting book called the PH miricale for Diabetes. Dr. Young who wrote the book says that patients who become more alkaline suffer much less from the bad health of diabetes, and start to require 50% less insulin and other medications. I suggest that you start to drink 9.5 PH water and you will get better. Your blood sugar levels can vary throughout the night, and even go up before you eat once you wake up in the morning. Remember that your fat cells can release sugars back into the bloodstream too. Google 9.5 Healthy water diabetes, and you will get several results. Here is a U-tube from a guy in Japan that was so sevier that they planned on removing his foot, but he was able to walk out of the hospital by drinking alkaline water and soaking his feet in acidic water to kill the gangrene. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gWXsg-OhAs&feature=related Soft drinks are really acidic, and should not be consumed. However it is acidic enough to kill bacteria on contact.! Best of luck to you.





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Wednesday, June 1, 2011

People with type 1 diabetes, help

People with type 1 diabetes..? help?
this is for people with diabetes mellitus or experts in this area. i'm in 7th grade and doing the 'human disease project'. my disease is diabetes mellitus or type one diabetes. please tell me about how this disease affects your life nd such. thanks a billion. <3
Diabetes - 8 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
SEE YOUR DOCTOR
2 :
well I picked up type one a bit late was 28 when i got it was a huge adjustment after being able to eat and do what i wanted for 28 years. The shots I got used to i hated and still hate needles even though they are fine... they can stillhurt like hell if you hit the wrong spot hardest part was adapting to a diet.. I stillhave probelms with it today, I just love bread stuffs too much snacking is tough also budget wise you can get a big bag of chips for a buck or two .. but a bag of beef jerky is almost 5. Even thogh i keep it under pretty good control.. i stillhave my "good and bad days" when i don't even want tog et out of bed or can;t accomplish much its a big mental adjustment.. went from the Marines where you feel as if you can do anything.. to having and having to learn some limits. I'll be happy to answer any more specific questions you may have feel free to email me
3 :
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Basically this means the pancreas does not make insulin, a hormone which helps use blood sugar (glucose) for energy. The cells become starved of energy and there is an excess of glucose in the blood. People with Type 1 diabetes must have daily injections of insulin to live. Proper diet, exercise and home blood sugar monitoring are essential to manage the disease. There is no cure for it other than a pancreas transplant which is rarely done. The basic signs are Frequent urination ,Extreme thirst ,Extreme hunger ,Weigh loss ,Fatigue ,Irritability ,Blurred vision When my brother was diagnosed with diabetes he drank an entire bottle of concentrated cordial in one day because his body craved the sugar which put his blood sugar levels up to 27 (coma stage) our bodies are generally around the 5 margin. hope this helps...
4 :
It's IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) and is also called, as you said, type 1. Diabetes mellitus is a broad term for the disease but doesn't differentiate between the two types. There isn't enough room to tell you what you want to know. If you'd care to e-mail me (not through Yahoo), I can create and send you back a document that tells you everything. I'm at nurselmh@sbcglobal.net.
5 :
I have type 2 diabetes, but some of the same things hold true. Now, you can correct me if I'm wrong, but I always thought that diabetes mellitus was type 2 (but admittedly I'm no doctor). People with both kinds of diabetes have to be careful of what they eat. People who are recently diagnosed can benefit from visits with a nutritionist or dietician. Diabetes is not a death sentence and people can live quite normal lives. They may have to monitor their sugar levels (Type 1 diabetics must do this, and many Type 2 diabetics have to as well - I do). This can take some education, but the machines are getting smaller and easier to use. Mine fits easily into my purse. I usually carry emergency snacks with me, so that I keep my blood sugar fairly constant if I can't get away to eat. People with either type of diabetes should watch their stress level and go for regular doctor checkups. They should make sure to take good care of their feet and hands and attend to any cuts because diabetics usually have worse circulation. If you go on google both the American and Canadian Diabetes Associations have great websites. Good luck!
6 :
From a young daughter's point of view, watching a family member with diabetes get up every morning to check their blood pressure and glucose can be very sorrowful. This person constantly needs to be under medication and needs to be very careful with what he/she eats. Diabetes is a harmful disease which can cause stroke, seizures and heart failures. A member to have this kind of disease can also be very hard for the other members in the family to have to watch and take care of this person. Diabetics need care and security most of the time. As for type 1 diabetes, the only cure for it is a pancreas transplant which can be a very difficult procedure. Why one would need a pancreas transplant is because a person with type 1 diabetes most likely isnt getting enough insulin which allows sugar, also known as glucose, enter it's body's cells. Without cells, one wouldn't have energy. Eventually, glucose can damage your nerves and blood vessels and when it becomes high to an extent, a diabetics body, can go through a chemical imbalance called "diabetic ketoacidosis", which may be life threatening. Hope I've given you useful information! <3
7 :
I was diagnosed with Type 1 at a very late age of 45. My dad was also a Type 1. He didn't take care of himself and died when I was 16. It is easier today to take care of yourself. There is alot more information on diabetes and better technology. I only had to do shots for a month before I went on an insulin pump. I just upgraded to a pump and sensor that pumps insulin in 24 hours a day and the sensor measures my blood glucose every 5 minutes. All I have to do is look at my pump and know where my blood sugar is and whether it is steady, going up or down and how fast it is moving. It allows me alot of freedom. When I eat I can just tell my pump my carb numbers and it gives me a suggestion how much insulin to bolus in. I am in school and this is great because I no longer have to worry if I am going low during an exam or in the clinical situations. I still have my ups and downs though. I can sky rocket it seems for no reason and plummet for no reason. I have to watch when I do manual labor of any sort, my blood sugars drop quickly. I wake up around 2am alot with lows. My pump is great, but I still have to work at keeping level and I still have to watch what I eat. Sometimes I get angry and just want to live life without thinking about food. I get tired of people asking me if I can eat something I put on my plate like I am a child. People have a tendency to always ask me how am I doing and that is annoying. When I leave the house I always have to carry food and supplies for my pump. When I travel I have to plan to have all the supplies I need and have food available. I am very thankful though for living in this day and age when technology is so great. At least I don't have to stick my self with a needle 3 times a day, just change my pump sites every 3 days. I have a very supportive husband who does not nag me. So all in all if I had to have a disease I guess this one isn't as bad as others. Good luck on your project and hope this helps.
8 :
I have been a diabetic for over 33 years now. It was a gift from my mother. Testing supplies were always in my house and one day I tested (you used to test your urine with a test strip) well, it turned a bright green which was very bad. I did not tell anyone for 1 year. I felt terrible, but I was only 12. I have been on insulin since. This is not the worse disease to have. If you eat right, exercise and keep your blood sugar levels in good control you will live a healthy life. Yes, it is a pain to be testing you blood 4-5 times a day... schedule meals.... be prepared for drops in you sugar, but it is just something you have to learn and deal with. Everyone has their issues.. mine is sugar free! It is alot easier now with tons of sugar free items.... 30+ years ago there was only "tab" a s/f drink. My mom who is 84 now used to drink soda water... they had NOTHING sugar free.... so things are not as bad.... Hopefully there will be a cure soon..... Be sure to research "stem cell" and you can go on the ADA web site... you should get some facts on diabetic life there.... Keep us posted on what your grade was.... Thanks for taking interest!!!






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